Insurers will raise premiums for people will pre-existing medical conditions, as they are a bigger risk to the insurer. Even though they will usually exclude your existing condition, the premium will be hiked all the same. Some insurers will cover you for existing conditions at a price, so you should compare policies.
Either way, you have to be honest about any previous conditions, such as cancer, or any ongoing conditions such as asthma or diabetes.
In Europe, you may get some cover for a pre-existing condition with your EHIC card, but that will not work for countries outside the European Economic Area, or Switzerland.